{"id":64260,"date":"2023-11-22T13:15:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T12:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge\/%e1%83%92%e1%83%94%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%90%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%92%e1%83%98%e1%83%90\/"},"modified":"2023-12-12T10:08:21","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T09:08:21","slug":"%e1%83%92%e1%83%94%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%90%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%92%e1%83%98%e1%83%90","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge\/ka-ge\/%e1%83%92%e1%83%94%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%90%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%92%e1%83%98%e1%83%90\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;2px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; 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_builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-style: inherit;\">\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0<\/h4>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10db (575-1810) \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1) \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0). \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4-6 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u00a0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 (\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5. \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4-3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 (\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db I \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8. \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 (\u10db\u10d4-10 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8) \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8 (575-605, 786-809 \u10ec\u10ec.)<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db I \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (575-590). \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u00a0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 I \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d6 I \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 (590-605)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e2 I \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 (786-809)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8 (619-779 \u10ec\u10ec.)<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">619-678 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db II, \u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d6 I-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 (678-705)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4 (705-742)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 (742-779)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd (809-888 \u10ec\u10ec.)<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e2 I \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e2 I \u10d9\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8) \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 809 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 826 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8). \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 \u00a0I (826-876)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 I \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 (876-881)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 II (881-888)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd (888- 978 (1008) \u10ec\u10ec.)<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 888 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4-\u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0-\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d7\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e1) \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 II \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u201c\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u201d (888-923 \u10ec\u10ec). \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 II (923-937)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 (937-945 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e2 IV (945-954)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7 I (954-958)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 II (958-975. \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d8: \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 III 961-966 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 III 966-975 \u10ec\u10ec.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc II (975-1008 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8: \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u00a0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 \u00a0III, 978 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 )<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd (978-1466 \u10ec\u10ec.)<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0 978 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III (\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc II-\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8) \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1) \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8. 1204 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d4\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8). XI-XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 IV \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (1089-1125\u10ec\u10ec) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (1184-1213\u10ec\u10ec)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III (978-1014)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 I (1014-1027)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 IV (1027-1072)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 II (1072-1089)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 IV \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8) (1089-1125)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4 I (1125-1155)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 V (1155-1156)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 III (1156-1184)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 (1184-1213)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 &#8211; \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 IV (1213-1223)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc (1223-1245)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 VI \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 (1245-1293)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 VII \u10e3\u10da\u10e3 (1247-1270)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4 II (1271-1289)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 II (1289-1293)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 VIII (1293-1299, 1300-1308)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 VI (1308-1313)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 V (1299, 1314-1346)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 IX (1346-1360)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 V (1360-1393)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 VII (1393-1407)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 I (1407-1411)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 I \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 (1412-1442)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 IV (1442-1446)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 VIII (1446-1466)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1) \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 II (1466-1478)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II (1478-1484)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd) \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 VI (\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 I \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8). \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7) \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 1259-1293 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. 1293-1327 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 I. 1293-1392 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd ( \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd). \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc: \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (1327-1329\u10ec\u10ec), \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 I (1329-1372), \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 I (1372-1389) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 I (1389-1392)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">1484 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 II (1484-1510)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III (1510-1565)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">*\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 II (1565-1585)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (1585-1590)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 (1590-1604)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 III (1605-1639)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 III (1639-1660)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 IV (1660-1661, 1663-1678, 1679-1681)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10da II (\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. 1661-1663, 1678, 1690,1695, 1698)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 IV (1683-1690, 1691-1695)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 IV (1696-1697)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc (1698-1701)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 VI (1707-1711, 1713, 1716-1720)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 V (1720-1740, 1741-1752)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 VII (1741)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I (1752-1784)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 II (1784-1789, 1792)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc II (1789-1810)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">1701-1707 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8-\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 (\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 V).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II (1484-1505)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 X (1505-1525)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 IX (1525-1527)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1 I (1527-1556)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc I (1556-1569, 1578-1600)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 XI (1569-1578)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 X (1600-1606)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1 II (1606-1615)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 VII (1615-1619)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc II (1619-1625)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db (1632-1658)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 V (1658-1675)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XI (1675-1688, 1703-1709)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 I (1688-1703)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd (1709-1711)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI (1711-1714, 1719-1724)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4 (1714-1716)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 (1717-1719)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II (1744-1762)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI (\u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 1711-1714, 1719-1724 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (1696-1757), \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u00a0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"><b><strong> \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 I (1466-1476)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 I (1476-1511)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 II (1511-1513)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (1520-1574)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 II (1574-1601, 1602-1605)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u00a0I (1601-1602)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 I (1605)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 I (1606-1616, 1634-1648)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10da II (1664-1675)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 II (1703-1722)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 II (1722-1733)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 II (1733-1744)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">* \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II (1744-1762)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">1675-1703 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text disabled_on=&#8221;off|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>10. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 I (1625-1632)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II (1762-1798)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII (1798-1801)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dd\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 (1768-1830), \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da-\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (1782-1846), \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e2-\u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>11. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 (1801-1810)<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc II, (\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 1789-1810 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8). 1801 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1) \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u00a0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII-\u10e1 (1798-1801\u10ec\u10ec). \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 1783 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8. \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10dc II-\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 1810 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1938 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10db\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10db\u10d0, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10da\u10e3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d4 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10e3\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10da\u10d4 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10de\u10e3\u10dc\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 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\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0. 1801 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 12 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 I-\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">1811 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0). \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc II (\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8), \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8. \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10de\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10de\u10da\u10d0. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0), \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e6\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0. 1812 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8). \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 1917 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1(1829), \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 (1857), \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (1858) \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (1864) \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e3\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 (1801-1917) 116 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0. \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 1802, 1804, 1810, 1811-1813, 1819-1820, 1821, 1824, 1829, 1830, 1832, 1838-1840, 1850, 1856-1857, 1858, 1861-1863, 1866, 1876-1878, 1905-1906, 1907 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (1770-1844).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (1770-1844\u10ec\u10ec) &#8211; \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10df\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8-\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 1801-1831 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>12. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10db\u10d4-16 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, 1512 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1, \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 X-\u10d8\u10e1 \u00a0\u10eb\u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (60-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7), \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd, \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc- \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 &#8211; \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8). \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ea, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4-19 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 (1918 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4-17 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 (1724 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4) \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8), \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc: \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 V, \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XI, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 I, \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 VI, \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10e8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1. \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, 1812 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8.<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 1976 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8) \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 (1918-1921) \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d8\u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0-\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (1909-1977)<br \/><\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10f0\u10d8\u10e3\u10d2\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0-\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0 (\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 1944 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1), \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e3\u10e6\u10da\u10d4- \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0-\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 1961 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 1990 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 (1939-1993) \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 (\u10ef\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef) \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (1944-2008\u10ec\u10ec)<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u00a0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 (\u10ef\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef) \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10db, \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 &#8211; \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 (1909-1977) \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u00a0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. 1939 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u00a0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 (\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd). 1942 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u201d. \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b>\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 (1976)<\/b><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2003 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0, 2004 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1-\u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 II-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2009 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10db, \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 2011 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 27 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc-\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 I (1756-1800)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 IV (1782-1842)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 II (1813-1880)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 VI (1853-1918)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XII (1884-1957)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 III (1909-1977)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">* \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 XIII (1944-2008)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div data-zoom=\"https:\/\/www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/family-tree-corrected.png\" class=\"zoom\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/family-tree-corrected.png\"><\/div>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10db (575-1810) \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1) \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (\u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0). \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4-6 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u00a0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 (\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5. \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4-3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 (\u10dd\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64486,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-64260","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 - The Royal House of Georgia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.royalhouseofgeorgia.ge\/ka-ge\/%e1%83%92%e1%83%94%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%90%e1%83%9a%e1%83%9d%e1%83%92%e1%83%98%e1%83%90\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ka_GE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 - The Royal House of Georgia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10db (575-1810) \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0. 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